Notes/Acids, Bases, and Salts
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1. What are Acids?
Acids are chemical substances that donate hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water. They have a sour taste, turn blue litmus paper red, and have a pH less than 7. Common examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), and acetic acid (CH₃COOH).
Key insight: The strength of an acid depends on how completely it ionizes in water. Strong acids ionize completely; weak acids only partially.
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